China Cuts Interest Rates for Third Time in Six Months as Economy Sputters

China Cuts Interest Rates for Third Time in Six Months as Economy Sputters

China cut interest rates for the third time in six months on Sunday in a bid to lower companies' borrowing costs and stoke a sputtering economy that is headed for its worst year in a quarter of a century.

Analysts welcomed the widely-expected move, but predicted policymakers would relax reserve requirements and cut rates again in the coming months to counter the headwinds facing the world's second-largest economy.

The People's Bank of China (PBOC) said on its website it was lowering its benchmark, one-year lending rate by 25 basis points to 5.1 per cent from May 11. It cut the benchmark deposit rate by the same amount to 2.25 per cent.

"China's economy is still facing relatively big downward pressure," the PBOC said.

"At the same time, the overall level of domestic prices remains low, and real interest rates are still higher than the historical average," it said.

Sunday's rate cut came just days after weaker-than-expected April trade and inflation data, highlighting that China's economy is under persistent pressure from soft demand at home and abroad.

While the PBOC acknowledged the difficulties facing China's economy, it said in its statement accompanying the announcement that it wants to strike a balance between supporting growth and deepening structural reforms.

As part of these reforms, it lifted the ceiling for deposit rates on Sunday to 1.5 times the benchmark level, the biggest increase in the ceiling since it began to liberalise the interest rate system in 2012.

More Easing Ahead

Economists had said it was a matter of when, not if, China eased policy again after economic growth in the first quarter cooled to 7 per cent, a level not seen since the depths of the 2008/09 global financial crisis.

Indeed, some analysts have even said recently that the PBOC had fallen behind the curve by not responding aggressively enough to deteriorating conditions.

With China set to publish more key economic data on Wednesday, including industrial output and investment, the timing of the rate cut could add to worries that figures may disappoint across the board again, as they did in March.

For now, however, some were confident that policymakers can arrest the slide.

"Intensified policy loosening will help effectively halt the economic slowdown," said Xu Hongcai, a senior economist at China Centre for International Economic Exchanges, a well-connected think-tank in Beijing.

A cooling property market and slackening growth in manufacturing and investment have weighed on the Chinese economy. Annual growth is widely forecast to sag to 7 per cent this year, down from 7.4 per cent in 2014.

In an attempt to energise activity, the PBOC has now lowered interest rates and relaxed the reserve requirement ratio (RRR) five times in six months, and many economists believe more policy loosening is in store.

This is partly because despite the steady drum roll of policy easing, there are indications it has not benefited the real economy. Some data suggests banks are not passing on lower interest rates to borrowers, and credit is still not flowing to the sectors in most need of the funds.

"The effectiveness of the rate cut won't be very big," said Li Qilin, an economist at Minsheng Securities. "The PBOC has already cut benchmark interest rate by a total of 65 basis points, but borrowing costs have only fallen marginally."

Struggling Banks

Banks are also struggling as the economy founders. Lending has slowed, bad loans are piling up, and profits margins are getting squeezed as China liberalises its interest rate market. Banks' earnings reports last month showed profit growth hit a six-year low in the first quarter.

Given these challenges, the PBOC said it does not expect banks to pay savers the maximum deposit rate allowed by authorities.

And with the prospect that borrowing costs may stay stubbornly elevated, government economists told Reuters earlier this month authorities may ramp up state spending to shore up growth, in the hope that fiscal policy would work where monetary policy hasn't.

But Li Huiyong, an economist at Shenwan Hongyuan Securities, cautioned against thinking that lower borrowing costs would not trickle down to businesses and consumers at some point.

"Don't underestimate the cumulative effect of the cuts in interest rates and RRR," Li said. "This won't be the last cut.

"The rate could be lowered to 2 per cent at least, and we expect the economy to gradually stabilise in the coming two quarters."

Perth House Prices Fell 2.3 percent in February

House values across Perth fell by more than 2 per cent through February despite the cut in mortgage interest rates.

Figures
from RP Data-CoreLogic showed values in Perth dropped by 2.3 per cent
to be 2.9 per cent down since the start of the year.



The
fall was not confined to houses. The value of units dropped by 0.4 per
cent in the month to be off by 0.9 per cent this year.



Over
the past 12 months house value sin Perth are up by just 0.7 per cent,
well short of inflation, while unit values have fallen in nominal value
by 1.9 per cent.



Only Hobart has a softer house market than Perth with values on the Apple Isle up by 0.6 per cent.



The fall came despite the Reserve Bank slicing official interest
rates to their lowest level on record. Banks cut their mortgage rates in
line with the Reserve.



Nationally, prices edged up
by a modest 0.3 per cent but almost all of the growth was in Sydney
where house values lifted by 1.6 per cent.



Over the past year, Sydney values have climbed by 14.7 per cent.



RP’s head of research Tim Lawless said there had been step down in growth over the past three months.

He said outside of Sydney, lower interest rates were failing to drive up values.



“We might not see the lower interest rate environment stimulate the housing market as much as it has in the past,” he said.



“Weaker
jobs growth, higher unemployment, declining affordability, low rental
yields and political uncertainty are all factors that could dent
consumer confidence and provide some counter balance to the rate cuts
and quell any additional market exuberance.”



The Reserve Bank board meets tomorrow with markets putting the chance of a rate cut at 50-50

Australian Dollar Tumbles on RBA Cash Rate Cut

The Australian dollar tumbled by more than one and a half cents on the Reserve Bank of Australia's decision to cut the cash rate to a historic new low.

The local currency hit a fresh five-and-a-half year low to US76.57¢ on Tuesday afternoon, down from US78.16¢ just before the release. The reaction followed the central bank's decision to cut the cash rate by 25 basis points to 2.25 per cent after 18 months of holding the rate steady.

Despite the sharp fall in the Aussie dollar – nearly 20 per cent in the past six months – the Reserve Bank said the exchange rate remained high. 

"The Australian dollar has declined noticeably against a rising US dollar over recent months, though less so against a basket of currencies," the Reserve Bank said in its statement on monetary policy.

"It remains above most estimates of its fundamental value, particularly given the significant declines in key commodity prices. A lower exchange rate is likely to be needed to achieve balanced growth in the economy."

Market forecasts the exchange rate to continue to fall. On Commonwealth Bank of Australia figures, the local currency is expected to fall towards 73¢ by June this year, but the bank's senior currency strategist Elias Haddad said there was a risk the Australian dollar will fall even further and the bank will be revising its forecast.

"We expect a further downside movement here, not just against the US dollar but also on the crosses, due to narrowing interest rate, falling commodity prices and still unimpressive Chinese economic data," Mr Haddad said.

National Australia Bank will also be revising its forecast in light of Tuesday's tumble. Back in November last year the bank forecast the Australian dollar to hit US78¢ by the end of 2015. NAB global co-head of FX strategy Ray Attrill said the bank will be reviewing its forecast after the central bank releases its statement on monetary policy on Friday.

"The market already priced in the expectations of a rate cut, but the currency still lost. It shows the market is still prepared to sell," Mr Attrill said.

In an exclusive interview with The Australian Financial Review in December last year, Reserve Bank governor Glenn Stevens said an appropriate level for the Australian dollar would be US75¢.

Mr Attrill said the currency could be heading towards the US70¢ mark, given the fall in the commodity prices since December.

"You can argue, if US75¢ was about the right level in mid-December, and taking into account what's happened with commodity prices generally, maybe US70¢ is more appropriate," he said.

A batch of data fuelled RBA jitters earlier on Tuesday. The Australian dollar jumped by more than third of a cent to US78.30¢ after slightly better-than-expected economic data was released: building approvals slipped 3.3 per cent in December (better than the predictions of a 5 per cent slide) and trade deficit narrowed to $436 million in December, beating expectation of more than $850 million.

#AustralianDollar #RBA #interestrates

Australia Mortgage: House Price Boom Must End, Says David Gonski

ANZ chairman David Gonski has warned Australia's booming housing prices cannot go on forever and the market will eventually experience a correction.

The former Future Fund chairman said ANZ and all the big banks were "very aware of history" when it came to financial lending in the residential mortgage market.

"There will come a time when there will be a correction," he told the Australian British Chamber of Commerce.

"The fact is, anyone who believes prices always go up is, I think, a fool."

Mr Gonski's comments come as the housing market heats up as spring approaches. Capital city markets had their strongest winter since before the lead up to the financial crisis, according to figures released on Monday by RP Data.

Sydney and Melbourne house prices lifted 5 per cent and 6.4 per cent respectively over the three months to the end of August. The surge represents year-on-year growth of more than 16 per cent in Sydney and almost 12 per cent in Melbourne.

Brisbane, which was one of the weaker-performing cities, recorded a 1.3 per cent property value increase in the three months to the end of August.

The Reserve Bank warned in its submission to the Financial System Inquiry that moves to boost competition in the home loan sector could increase risk in the financial system.

Regional banks, credit unions and building societies have urged the federal government to change regulations that give the big banks a significant cost advantage when making home loans.

Mr Gonski also backed ANZ's Asian strategy, questioning why some in the market consider ANZ to be "riskier" than its peers because it is in Asia.

"I believe it's quite odd, I have to say, that we are regarded as a riskier investment because we have investments outside Australia.

"I could very well argue that a good investor has some money in Australia and some money overseas. That's exactly what the ANZ has done."

Australia 'at the Front' of Growing Subprime Mortgage Market

Australia 'at the Front' of Growing Subprime Mortgage Market

They triggered an economic meltdown in the United States and sparked the global financial crisis, but subprime mortgages are staging a revival in Australia.

Ratings agency Moody's says Australian lenders have doled out $3 billion worth of the non-conforming home loans over the last 18 months.

Prime mortgages are those that typically go to people with good credit scores, secure jobs and existing, well-serviced loans.

Moody's analyst Robert Baldi says non-conforming, or subprime, borrowers tend to have patchier personal financial histories.

"We're looking at things like prior bankruptcies or prior defaults in their credit history past," he explained.

"If the borrower is a non-resident, for example, or it's a jumbo loan, these would all fall outside of the lenders' mortgage insurance criteria and would classify the loan as non-conforming."

Essentially, subprime loans are those going to borrowers with a much higher risk of default that a typical loan.
Australia 'out at the front' of subprime market

While subprime remains something of dirty word in the economies hardest hit by the GFC, Australian lenders are increasingly willing to step up and fund subprime loans by selling what are known as residential mortgage backed securities (RMBS).

"Australia is out there at the front of the market, I would say, so we are the ones that have continued with issuance in this space," Mr Baldi said.

"Since the beginning of 2013, we've seen 10 new transactions in the RMBS market from non-conforming issuers and that's totalled about $3 billion, so that's quite a pick up in volume considering the market did shut down post the crisis in 2008."

While $3 billion sounds like a large amount of money, Mr Baldi says it is a relatively small share of the home loan market, and of RMBS issuance.

"In the year to date we saw roughly about $15 billion of RMBS transactions. Of that, about $1 billion was non-conforming, so we'd say about 7 per cent of issuance this year has been from the non-conforming market," he added.

Moody's says most of these loans are being written by non-bank lenders.

However, Mr Baldi is confident that there is enough regulation in place to avoid a subprime crash similar to that in the US in 2008.

"One of those is the National Consumer Credit Protection Act, and this basically requires lenders to take reasonable steps to verify a borrower's financial position and their ability to repay the loan," he said.

"Essentially this gets around the fact that in the US you saw those loans being written to borrowers pre-2008 with little to no income verification. In Australia that just can't happen."

The United States is still managing the fallout from its subprime crisis.

Last week, finance powerhouse Bank of America Merrill Lynch agreed to an almost $US17 billion settlement for its role in the crisis.
Australia's biggest danger in prime mortgages

Despite that history, banking analyst Martin North sees Australia's non-conforming market as much safer.

"Most of the investors now, the people who are buying these mortgage-backed securities, are now Australian investors rather than overseas investors," he said.

"So there is a bit of a feedback loop going on, and that does mean that some of the other players who might be buying those securitised loans now are essentially home-based rather than offshore-based."

Mr North says the subprime segment of Australia's market is so small that it is unlikely to destabilise the financial system, even if a lot of the loans go bad.

However, he says Australia's banks, households and the economy in general is too heavily reliant on real estate.

"This is a very small proportion of a much bigger question about leverage into property," he warned.

"We have a massively leveraged financial services system into property more broadly.

"If we have the sorts of defaults we're talking about in the non-conforming sector, then you would also be having, I think, similar defaults more broadly across the market, and it's those broader defaults across the market that would be of much more concern rather than the non-conforming element, which I think is quite small and quite isolated."

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Don't Get Burnt by The Property Market

Don't get burnt by the property market

How seriously should property investors take recent warnings that Australian property prices are 20 per cent to 30 per cent higher than they should be and that there is an impending apartment glut in 2017? 

Whatever the fundamental basis for these and similar warnings, existing and new property investors need to be aware of the potential downside.

The basic issue is to understand the risks involved with  investments already owned or being purchased. While less popular for purchases of listed assets including shares and property trusts as well as managed funds, large levels of borrowing are widely used to help acquire direct property holdings.

This high level of gearing helps to drive up property prices in good times such as the present and down when markets turn down, for example due to increased levels of vacancies and/or falling rents. Currently, strong foreign buying interest, low interest rates and a shortage of available stock is forcing and encouraging new investors to bid up prices.

While it may be some time off, a similar downward ratchet in prices will start when interest rates rise again and when new housing developments result in an oversupply in the major locations. Compared with share market falls which can be brutal and swift, downward property price movements are generally protracted as sellers holding out for higher prices ultimately are forced to lower their expectations.

A special feature of the apartment market can, however, result in distressed forced sales. This is when a large number of off-the-plan sales negotiated before or during construction fall through. A recent example of this occurring is the setback in the Canberra apartment market due to over-supply and reduced public sector employment opportunities.

In this situation, a significant percentage of off-the-plan  buyers were either unable or unwilling to complete their purchases. The resulting forced sales depressed asset valuations and made it more difficult for heavily geared purchasers to obtain credit to meet their commitments.

The key message for individual investors is to be aware of these and other risks before entering into off-the-plan contracts. While one benefit of off-the-plan purchases is what can often be a lengthy time lag before money is required to complete the purchase, this can be a negative if personal circumstances change or property valuations fall before the settlement date..

The chances of both of these changes increase with the amount of time before completion. The risks are also greater in situations such as the present time when contracts are entered into in a buoyant market. So even if the warnings of problems ahead don't prove accurate, they are a timely reminder to avoid becoming over-committed to a future large heavily geared property purchase.

Property-Related Firms Rake in Revenue From Real Estate Boom Australia

Property exposed companies have reported "tremendously successful" and "best ever" results thanks to the booming housing market.

Developer Mirvac saw its full year profit spike 220 per cent to $447 million dollars.

Shareholders will receive a final dividend of 4.6 cents a share, taking the full year payout to 9 cents unfranked.

Strong residential sales lifted the result, with a total $1.2 billion of exchanged pre-sales contracts in hand and a slightly better than forecast 2,482 properties settled.

Chief executive Susan Lloyd-Hurwitz says the year has been "tremendously successful" and has set the company up for the future.

That future is very focused on building apartments to feed what it believes will continue to be high demand, particularly in Sydney and Melbourne.

Chief investment officer Brett Draffin says the strong sales and price momentum seen over the past financial year is set to continue, albeit at a "slightly more moderate level."




He is not concerned about the flood of units that is expected to come onto the market in the near term.

"Fundamentally increased stock levels are insufficient to overcome the national undersupply, there is a high level of activity from offshore buyers in select locations and product types," he told investors.

"We expect demand volumes to continue to grow driven by tight rental vacancy population growth and a strengthening of the economy."

Mirvac has spent $248 million on new sites, two-thirds of these acquisitions were in NSW, less than a fifth were in Victoria, and the remainder in Queensland and Western Australia.

Half of the lots to be released this year are in Sydney, and almost all of them are units.

Mirvac believes the major acquisitions it has made will see residential development drive earnings from two years time onwards.
Mortgage broker boosts earnings

Mortgage broker Mortgage Choice has also benefitted from the fever that has swept the residential property market over the past year-and-a-half, boasting a best ever full-year result.

Full-year net profit rose 6 per cent to $19.85 million, and cash profit jumped 19 per cent to $18.7 million.

The final dividend was boosted to 8 cents a share, fully-franked.

The company says it "managed to capitalise on the industry tailwinds and significantly grow its core business."

The business wrote $12.2 billion in loan approvals, which is almost 20 per cent higher on the prior year, and the loan book rose to $47.4 billion.

Chief executive Michael Russell says it is the best result so far for the company.

"We have embraced the opportunities that the strong market has presented us with and managed to deliver some of our best financial results to date," he said.

The company says it is well on its way to achieving its goal of becoming a recognised diversified financial services provider.

"We will continue to focus on our growth and diversification moving forward."